The following bug can be reproduced with this commit
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/commit/989fc3e6ea65e530055296ac4bc181cb5c6a41ea

[1] Apply the following patch for diagnosis. Build a non-product JVM:

diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/prims/jvm.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/prims/jvm.cpp
index 500036febab..39850d1d208 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/prims/jvm.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/prims/jvm.cpp
@@ -3715,6 +3715,8 @@ JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(jint, JVM_GetCDSConfigStatus())
   return CDSConfig::get_status();
 JVM_END
 
+extern "C" JNIEXPORT void ps();
+
 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_LogLambdaFormInvoker(JNIEnv *env, jstring line))
 #if INCLUDE_CDS
   assert(CDSConfig::is_logging_lambda_form_invokers(), "sanity");
@@ -3730,6 +3732,11 @@ JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_LogLambdaFormInvoker(JNIEnv *env, jstring line))
     if (ClassListWriter::is_enabled()) {
       ClassListWriter w;
       w.stream()->print_cr("%s %s", LAMBDA_FORM_TAG, c_line);
+      if (strstr(c_line, "L3I_L") != nullptr &&
+          strstr(c_line, "Invokers$Holder") != nullptr) {
+        tty->print_cr("%s", c_line);
+        ps();
+      }
     }
   }

[2] Create this file: TestInvokers.java

=================
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;

public class TestInvokers {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class, int.class);
        System.out.println(type);
        MethodHandle inv = MethodHandles.invoker(type);
        System.out.println(inv);
    }
}
=================

[3] Run the following commands:

$ javac TestInvokers.java
$ java -XX:DumpLoadedClassList=TestInvokers.classlist -cp . TestInvokers

(Object,int)Object
[LF_RESOLVE] java.lang.invoke.Invokers$Holder invoker L3I_L

"Executing ps"
 for thread: "main" #1 [1018846] prio=5 os_prio=0 cpu=265.15ms elapsed=0.27s tid=0x00007fe2d002a150 nid=1018846 runnable  [0x00007fe2d6047000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
Thread: 0x00007fe2d002a150  [0xf8bde] State: _running _at_poll_safepoint 0
   JavaThread state: _thread_in_vm

	at jdk.internal.misc.CDS.logLambdaFormInvoker(java.base@23-internal/Native Method)
	at jdk.internal.misc.CDS.logLambdaFormInvoker(java.base@23-internal/CDS.java:110)
	at java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.traceLambdaForm(java.base@23-internal/MethodHandleStatics.java:138)
	at java.lang.invoke.InvokerBytecodeGenerator.resolveFrom(java.base@23-internal/InvokerBytecodeGenerator.java:648)
	at java.lang.invoke.InvokerBytecodeGenerator.lookupPregenerated(java.base@23-internal/InvokerBytecodeGenerator.java:674)
	at java.lang.invoke.InvokerBytecodeGenerator.generateCustomizedCode(java.base@23-internal/InvokerBytecodeGenerator.java:708)
	at java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.compileToBytecode(java.base@23-internal/LambdaForm.java:849)
	at java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.prepare(java.base@23-internal/LambdaForm.java:807)
	at java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle.<init>(java.base@23-internal/MethodHandle.java:482)
	at java.lang.invoke.BoundMethodHandle.<init>(java.base@23-internal/BoundMethodHandle.java:52)
	at java.lang.invoke.BoundMethodHandle$Species_L.<init>(java.base@23-internal/BoundMethodHandle.java:210)
	at java.lang.invoke.BoundMethodHandle$Species_L.make(java.base@23-internal/BoundMethodHandle.java:225)
	at java.lang.invoke.BoundMethodHandle.bindSingle(java.base@23-internal/BoundMethodHandle.java:66)
	at java.lang.invoke.Invokers.makeExactOrGeneralInvoker(java.base@23-internal/Invokers.java:147)
	at java.lang.invoke.Invokers.genericInvoker(java.base@23-internal/Invokers.java:80)
	at java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.invoker(java.base@23-internal/MethodHandles.java:4771)
	at TestInvokers.main(TestInvokers.java:9)
MethodHandle(MethodHandle,Object,int)Object

$ grep Invokers.Holder.*L3I_L lst
@lambda-form-invoker [LF_RESOLVE] java.lang.invoke.Invokers$Holder invoker L3I_L

$ d -Xshare:dump -XX:SharedArchiveFile=jsa -XX:SharedClassListFile=lst
[0.752s][error][cds] java.lang.RuntimeException: Invoker type parameter must start and end with Object: L3I_L
[0.752s][error][cds] Failed to generate LambdaForm holder classes. Is your classlist out of date?

==================================
Note that MethodHandleStatics.traceLambdaForm produces the trace

[LF_RESOLVE] java.lang.invoke.Invokers$Holder invoker L3I_L

However, this invoker cannot be generated due to this check:

https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/989fc3e6ea65e530055296ac4bc181cb5c6a41ea/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/GenerateJLIClassesHelper.java#L139-L141

if (mt.parameterCount() < 2 ||
    mt.parameterType(0) != Object.class ||
    mt.parameterType(lastParam) != Object.class) {
    throw new RuntimeException(
       "Invoker type parameter must start and end with Object: " + invokerType);
}