With EnableJVMCI it appends the jdk.internal.vm.ci module and thus disables optimized module handling and full module graph. See
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/master/src/hotspot/share/runtime/arguments.cpp#L1880-L1890
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/4d4706967d44b6908406818bb135f94130f373a0/src/hotspot/share/runtime/arguments.cpp#L1256-L1260
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/4d4706967d44b6908406818bb135f94130f373a0/src/hotspot/share/cds/metaspaceShared.cpp#L1531
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/4d4706967d44b6908406818bb135f94130f373a0/src/hotspot/share/cds/heapShared.cpp#L976-L981
This fails ReplaceCriticalClassesForSubgraphs.
[0.001s][info][cds] optimized module handling: disabled due to incompatible property: jdk.module.addmods.0=jdk.internal.vm.ci
...
[0.022s][info][cds] optimized module handling: disabled
[0.022s][info][cds] full module graph: disabled
...
[0.033s][info][cds,heap ] subgraph jdk.internal.module.ArchivedBootLayer cannot be used because full module graph is disabled