After a JNI call returned, it should be checked whether there is a pending exception. Otherwise, at the moment of the next JNI call, you will receive a warning message.
This rule is obviously not adhered to in src/jdk.jdwp.agent/share/native/libjdwp/util.c. To reproduce, simply issue the command
bin/java -Xcheck:jni -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n -version
and you will see the warning.
The rule violation was found with the help of the test
test/jdk/tools/launcher/TestXcheckJNIWarnings.java
using SAP's commercial VM offering. For the OpenJDK variant to show the warning, you will need to specify the above -agentlib parameter.