ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION :
Apache Maven 3.8.1 (05c21c65bdfed0f71a2f2ada8b84da59348c4c5d)
Maven home: C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.1\plugins\maven\lib\maven3
Java version: 11.0.15, vendor: Eclipse Adoptium, runtime: C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-11.0.15.10-hotspot
Default locale: de_DE, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
Maven cxf-xjc-plugin:3.3.1:xsdtojava generates URLs like this: "file:\C:\dev\m2repo\com\github\krasa\krasa-jaxb-tools\1.8\krasa-jaxb-tools-1.8.jar".
Even if it is strange, it works in  jdk-11.0.12.7-openj9 (Semeru) and also in jdk-11.0.14.1+1 (Eclipse Adoptium JDK). 
In 11.0.15 Releases jdk-11.0.15.10-openj9 (Semeru) and jdk-11.0.15.10-hotspot (Adoptium), it crashes:

[INFO] Building jar: C:\Users\Dev28\AppData\Local\Temp\cxf-xjc-plugin6285953335413304004.jar
[DEBUG] Exception in thread "main" com.sun.tools.xjc.BadCommandLineException: "file:\C:\dev\m2repo\com\github\krasa\krasa-jaxb-tools\1.8\krasa-jaxb-tools-1.8.jar" ist kein gültiger Dateiname: {1}
[DEBUG] 	at com.sun.tools.xjc.Options.parseArgument(Options.java:515)
[DEBUG] 	at com.sun.tools.xjc.Options.parseArguments(Options.java:827)
[DEBUG] 	at org.apache.cxf.maven_plugin.XSDToJavaRunner.run(XSDToJavaRunner.java:170)
[DEBUG] 	at org.apache.cxf.maven_plugin.XSDToJavaRunner.main(XSDToJavaRunner.java:360)
[DEBUG] Caused by: java.net.MalformedURLException: Invalid file path
[DEBUG] 	at java.base/java.io.File.toURL(File.java:695)
[DEBUG] 	at com.sun.tools.xjc.Options.parseArgument(Options.java:512)
[DEBUG] 	... 3 more


REGRESSION : Last worked in version 11

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Create the two files (content doesn't matter):
src/main/resources/binding.xjb
src/main/resources/data.xsd
Create a pom.xml, that contains:

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
      <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.krasa</groupId>
            <artifactId>krasa-jaxb-tools</artifactId>
            <version>1.8</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
                <artifactId>cxf-xjc-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>generate-sources</id>
                        <phase>process-resources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>xsdtojava</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <sourceRoot>${project.build.directory}/generated-sources</sourceRoot>
                            <xsdOptions>
                                <xsdOption>
                                    <extension>true</extension>
                                    <xsd>src/main/resources/data.xsd</xsd>
                                    <bindingFile>src/main/resources/binding.xjb</bindingFile>
                                    <packagename>com.example</packagename>
                                    <extensionArgs>
                                        <extensionArg>-XJsr303Annotations</extensionArg>
                                        <extensionArg>-XJsr303Annotations:targetNamespace=http://www.gdv-online.de/snetz/namespaces/KSN/release2003</extensionArg>
                                    </extensionArgs>
                                </xsdOption>
                            </xsdOptions>
                            <extensions>
                                <extension>com.github.krasa:krasa-jaxb-tools:1.8</extension>
                            </extensions>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
xjc tries to generate DTOs (but fails because of an invalid schema).
ACTUAL -
xjc doesn't even start and fails with an exception.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
C:\dev>cd "C:\Program Files"

C:\Program Files>"C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-11.0.14.1+1\bin\jshell.exe"
|  Welcome to JShell -- Version 11.0.14.1
|  For an introduction type: /help intro

jshell> new File("file:\\C:\\dev\\temp.jar").toURL();
$1 ==> file:/C:/Program Files/file:/C:/dev/temp.jar

jshell>

C:\Program Files>"C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-11.0.15.10-hotspot\bin\jshell.exe"
|  Welcome to JShell -- Version 11.0.15
|  For an introduction type: /help intro

jshell> new File("file:\\C:\\dev\\temp.jar").toURL();
|  Exception java.net.MalformedURLException: Invalid file path
|        at File.toURL (File.java:695)
|        at (#1:1)

jshell>
---------- END SOURCE ----------

FREQUENCY : always