Reported through OpenJDK:
Since the latest changes to SecureRandom[0], using certain ( I can reproduce with one but others might have the same issue, see below ) security providers, it is impossible to get an instance of SecurityRandom. The following is reproducible with the BouncyCastle FIPS 140-2 provider [1]:

public class TestSecureRandom {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        assert Security.getProviders()[0].getName().equals("BCFIPS");
        SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
    }
}

will fail with

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException: Service not registered with Provider BCFIPS: BCFIPS: SecureRandom.DEFAULT -> org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.random.DefSecureRandom
  attributes: {ImplementedIn=Software}

        at java.base/java.security.SecureRandom.getDefaultPRNG(SecureRandom.java:294)
        at java.base/java.security.SecureRandom.<init>(SecureRandom.java:219)
        at TestSecureRandomBug.main(TestSecureRandomBug.java:8)
Caused by: java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException: Service not registered with Provider BCFIPS: BCFIPS: SecureRandom.DEFAULT -> org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.random.DefSecureRandom
  attributes: {ImplementedIn=Software}

        at java.base/java.security.Provider$Service.newInstance(Provider.java:1857)
        at java.base/java.security.SecureRandom.getDefaultPRNG(SecureRandom.java:290)
        ... 2 more


I reported this to the authors of the security provider [2] and I will share part of the analysis on why this fails here for the sake of completeness of the report.

The BCFIPS security provider overrides getService() and getServices() of Provider and it has its own extension of the Provider.Service which getService() returns.
However, getDefaultSecureRandomService() will always return a java.security.Provider.Service and since we are calling newInstance [3] on it, this fails as the

if (provider.getService(type, algorithm) != this) {
    throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException("Service not registered with Provider " + provider.getName() + ": " + this);
}

can not be true. getService will return a org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider.BcService and `this` is a java.security.Provider.Service.


I am not aware of other providers being affected by this ( the non FIPS BouncyCastle Provider is not, since it's a legacy style security provider ) but given the reason for the issue, I think there might be others affected. With [0] being backported to all supported versions and BCFIPS being one of the few available security providers that is FIPS 140-2 approved, this introduces a significant issue for folks with fips compliance requirements.

One potential fix that was proposed in [2] was to replace

        if (prngServices != null && !prngServices.isEmpty()) {
            return prngServices.iterator().next();
        }

with:

        if (prngServices != null && !prngServices.isEmpty()) {
            Service rng = prngServices.iterator().next();
            return getService(rng.getType(), rng.getAlgorithm());
        }

so that any provider extending Service, could work fine.

Best Regards
Ioannis

[0] https://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk/jdk15/rev/6eeaa40131ff
[1] https://www.bouncycastle.org/fips-java/
[2] http://bouncy-castle.1462172.n4.nabble.com/Default-SecureRandom-issue-in-BCFIPS-and-latest-JDK15-td4659964.html
[3] https://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk/jdk15/rev/6eeaa40131ff#l2.55