As reported by Thomas Stuefe in:

http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/hotspot-runtime-dev/2019-April/033512.html

ApplicationShutdownHook.java:

static synchronized void add(Thread hook) {
    if(hooks == null)
        throw new IllegalStateException("Shutdown in progress");

    if (hook.isAlive())
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hook already running");

    if (hooks.containsKey(hook))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hook previously registered");

    hooks.put(hook, hook);
}

would register a terminated thread as shutdown hook.
---

When start that hook we would get an IllegalThreadStateException that would terminate the hook starting and joining logic:

    static void runHooks() {
        Collection<Thread> threads;
        synchronized(ApplicationShutdownHooks.class) {
            threads = hooks.keySet();
            hooks = null;
        }

        for (Thread hook : threads) {
            hook.start();  <= // BOOM!
        }
        for (Thread hook : threads) {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    hook.join();
                    break;
                } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
                }
            }
        }
    }

We need to check for getState() == Thread.State.NEW