There is a way to define a splash screen in Java webstart app.
https://blogs.oracle.com/thejavatutorials/entry/changing_the_java_web_start
<icon href="mysplash.jpg" kind="splash"/>
It should be possible to provide high-resolutions splash screens for HiDPI displays:
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mysplash.jpg
mysplash@125pct.jpg
mysplash@150pct.jpg
mysplash@2x.jpg
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The proposed name convention for splash screens: @125pct @150pct @2x @250pct @3x
See JDK-8151787 Unify the HiDPI splash screen image naming convention