FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
java version "1.8.0_73"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_73-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.73-b02, mixed mode)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.3.9600]

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
- Two (distinct) classes, B and C, both of which extend the same base class, A, which has a method, String f().
- Create a Supplier reference to method f() for an object of type B; call this bf [new B()::f].
- Create a Supplier reference to method f() for an object of type C; cal this cf [new C()::f].
- Serialize cf (ObjectOutputStream#writeObject)
- When the serialized cf is deserialized (ObjectInputStream#readObject), a ClassCastException is thrown saying that class C cannot be cast to class B

The problem seems to be with the generate byte code (using javap to decompile):
-  javac generates a call to invokevirtual that references the shared based class (invokevirtual SerializationTest$A.f:()Ljava/lang/String;) 
- the Eclipse compiler generates a call invokevirtual that references the actual class the lambda was created from 

-- javac generated -- 

  0: #109 invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.altMetafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite;
    Method arguments:
      #110 ()Ljava/lang/Object;
      #111 invokevirtual SerializationTest$A.f:()Ljava/lang/String;
      #112 ()Ljava/lang/String;
      #113 5
      #114 0
  1: #109 invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.altMetafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite;
    Method arguments:
      #110 ()Ljava/lang/Object;
      #111 invokevirtual SerializationTest$A.f:()Ljava/lang/String;
      #112 ()Ljava/lang/String;
      #113 5
      #114 0

-- Eclipse compiler generated --

BootstrapMethods:
  0: #172 invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.altMetafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite;
    Method arguments:
      #173 ()Ljava/lang/Object;
      #176 invokestatic SerializationTest.lambda$0:(LSerializationTest$B;)Ljava/lang/String;
      #177 ()Ljava/lang/String;
      #178 1
  1: #172 invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.altMetafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite;
    Method arguments:
      #179 ()Ljava/lang/Object;
      #182 invokestatic SerializationTest.lambda$1:(LSerializationTest$C;)Ljava/lang/String;
      #183 ()Ljava/lang/String;
      #178 1

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Run the program below. 

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
No ClassCastException when the lambda is deserialized.
ACTUAL -
See exception below.

ERROR MESSAGES/STACK TRACES THAT OCCUR :
Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: unexpected exception type
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.throwMiscException(Unknown Source)
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeReadResolve(Unknown Source)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(Unknown Source)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(Unknown Source)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(Unknown Source)
        at scratch.SerializationTest.main(SerializationTest.java:31)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.invoke.SerializedLambda.readResolve(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: SerializationTest$C cannot be cast to SerializationTest$B
        at SerializationTest.$deserializeLambda$(SerializationTest.java:10)
        ... 14 more

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class SerializationTest {

    static class A implements Serializable {
        public String f() { return toString(); }
    }

    static class B extends A { }

    static class C extends A { }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Supplier<String> bs = (Supplier<String> & Serializable) new B()::f;
        Supplier<String> cs = (Supplier<String> & Serializable) new C()::f;

        ByteArrayOutputStream caos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        try (ObjectOutputStream coos = new ObjectOutputStream(caos);) {
            coos.writeObject(cs);
        }

        try (ObjectInputStream cis = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(caos.toByteArray()));) {
            Supplier<String> ccs = (Supplier<String>) cis.readObject();
        }

    }

}
---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
Don't use multiple lambdas that reference the same method in a base class and that get serialized and deserialized in the same class.