FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
java version  " 1.7.0_21 " 
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_21-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.21-b01, mixed mode)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Mac OS 10.8.3

EXTRA RELEVANT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION :
Darwin Kernel Version 12.3.0: Sun Jan  6 22:37:10 PST 2013; root:xnu-2050.22.13~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
We've had consistent problems with a Tomcat based application on Mac OS due to java.net.SocketException: Invalid argument from JNI code:

SEVERE: StandardServer.await: accept:
java.net.SocketException: Invalid argument
      at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(Native Method)
      at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(PlainSocketImpl.java)
      at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.accept(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:398)
      at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:522)
      at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:490)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.await(StandardServer.java:431)
      at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.await(Catalina.java:676)
      at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:628)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
      at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
      at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
      at mycompany.tomcat.startup.ThreadDumpWrapper.main(ThreadDumpWrapper.java:260)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
      at org.tanukisoftware.wrapper.WrapperStartStopApp.run(WrapperStartStopApp.java:238)
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

  Bug 7131399 changed from poll() to select() on Mac OS, however select() has an important limitation: if the application is using more than 1024 file descriptors, the select call will fail with an EINVAL.

References:

* http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16191236/tomcat-startup-fails-due-to-java-net-socketexception-invalid-argument-on-mac-o
* http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=7131399
* http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-1456.1.26/bsd/sys/_select.h?txt
* https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man2/select.2.html

REGRESSION.  Last worked in version 6u45

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Attempt a socket operation that will call NET_Timeout in an application using > 1024 file descriptors

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
The socket operation succeeds
ACTUAL -
The exception java.net.SocketException: Invalid argument is thrown

ERROR MESSAGES/STACK TRACES THAT OCCUR :
Executable test case result:

Exception in thread  " main "  java.net.SocketException: Invalid argument
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.accept(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:398)
at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:522)
at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:490)
at SelectTest.main(SelectTest.java:13)

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class SelectTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // Allocate 1024 file descriptors - some will already be in use of course
    for(int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
      new FileInputStream( " /dev/null " );
    }

    ServerSocket socket = new ServerSocket(8080);
    socket.accept();
  }

}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
select() can be used without this limit on Darwin be setting _DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT:

/*
 * This is called from sys/select.h and sys/time.h for the common prototype
 * of select().  Setting _DARWIN_C_SOURCE or _DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT uses
 * the version of select() that does not place a limit on the first argument
 * (nfds).  In the UNIX conformance case, values of nfds greater than
 * FD_SETSIZE will return an error of EINVAL.
 */