FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
java version "1.6.0_10"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_10-b33)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 11.0-b15, mixed mode, sharing)

ADDITIONAL OS VERSION INFORMATION :
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]

EXTRA RELEVANT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION :
Display adapter: ATI Radeon HD 2400 XT

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
A Graphics2D clip region that consists of more than one box will cause a RasterFormatException when a full-size raster reference gets erroneously replaced with the first box's "child" raster.  A subsequent box is then, by definition, outside of the first box.  To reach the offending code in sun.java2d.loops.Blit.AnyBlit.Blit(), a custom Composite operator and a transform must also be specified.

Found in Java 6u3, retested in 6u10 and the problem is still present.

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Run the provided demo program below.

EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
EXPECTED -
Call to Graphics2D.drawImage() completes without exception.
ACTUAL -
Exception in thread "main" java.awt.image.RasterFormatException: (x + width) is outside raster
  at sun.awt.image.IntegerInterleavedRaster.createWritableChild(IntegerInterleavedRaster.java:450)
  at sun.awt.image.IntegerInterleavedRaster.createChild(IntegerInterleavedRaster.java:499)
  at sun.java2d.loops.Blit$AnyBlit.Blit(Blit.java:157)
  at sun.java2d.pipe.DrawImage.blitSurfaceData(DrawImage.java:927)
  at sun.java2d.pipe.DrawImage.renderImageCopy(DrawImage.java:550)
  at sun.java2d.pipe.DrawImage.transformImage(DrawImage.java:148)
  at sun.java2d.pipe.DrawImage.transformImage(DrawImage.java:1053)
  at sun.java2d.pipe.ValidatePipe.transformImage(ValidatePipe.java:212)
  at sun.java2d.SunGraphics2D.drawImage(SunGraphics2D.java:3101)
  at Demo2.main(Demo2.java:42)
  . . .

REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
public class Demo2
{
    private static class CustomCompositeContext implements CompositeContext
    {
        public void dispose() {}
        public void compose(Raster src, Raster dstIn, WritableRaster dstOut) {}
    }

    private static class CustomComposite implements Composite
    {
        public CompositeContext createContext(ColorModel srcColorModel, ColorModel dstColorModel, RenderingHints hints)
        {
            return new CustomCompositeContext();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        ColorModel colorModel = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();
        BufferedImage src = new BufferedImage(colorModel, colorModel.createCompatibleWritableRaster(10, 1), false, null);
        BufferedImage dst = new BufferedImage(colorModel, colorModel.createCompatibleWritableRaster(10, 2), false, null);

        GeneralPath clipShape = new GeneralPath();
        clipShape.append(new Rectangle(0, 1, 1, 1), false);
        clipShape.append(new Rectangle(2, 1, 1, 1), false);

        Graphics2D g2d = dst.createGraphics();
        g2d.setComposite(new CustomComposite());
        g2d.setClip(clipShape);
        g2d.drawImage(src, AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(0, 1), null);
    }
}

---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
I do not have a workaround yet from the application level.  The following change to Blit.AnyBlit.Blit() appears to fix the problem:

while (si.nextSpan(span)) {
  int w = span[2] - span[0];
  int h = span[3] - span[1];
<  srcRas = srcRas.createChild(srcx + span[0], srcy + span[1],
<    w, h, 0, 0, null);
<  dstRas = dstRas.createWritableChild(span[0], span[1],
<    w, h, 0, 0, null);
< ctx.compose(srcRas, dstRas, dstRas);
>  Raster spanSrcRas = srcRas.createChild(srcx + span[0], srcy + span[1],
>    w, h, 0, 0, null);
>  WritableRaster spanDstRas = dstRas.createWritableChild(span[0], span[1],
>    w, h, 0, 0, null);
>  ctx.compose(spanSrcRas, spanDstRas, spanDstRas);
}