FULL PRODUCT VERSION :
java version "1.8.0_05"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_05-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.5-b02, mixed mode)

AFAIK any Java version from 1.0 up to and including 1.8

FULL OS VERSION :
Windows 8.1 Professional, AFAIK all other versions of MS Windows.
Does NOT occur on Linux JVMs!

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM :
The line arguments of the JVM are suspect to an undocumented expansion:
Any argument that matches one or more files is replaced with the names of the files.

Notice that this is NOT the expansion that many shells do BEFORE executing "java.exe"; instead, the "java.exe" ITSELF does it before invoking "main()"!

This behavior is problematic when you want to pass a LITERAL "*", "?" or "[" to a Java program on the command line, e.g.:

      $ java.exe Calc 7 "*" 13
      $ java.exe Find . -name "*.java"

So far, I could not find a workaround.

The behavior is very confusing to the user, and forces programmers to change their command line syntax only to make it possible to run their programs on a WINDOWS JVM. Thus I consider this behavior as a bug

THE PROBLEM WAS REPRODUCIBLE WITH -Xint FLAG: Yes

THE PROBLEM WAS REPRODUCIBLE WITH -server FLAG: Yes

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO REPRODUCE THE PROBLEM :
Compile and run the test program with
java.exe -cp target/classes foo.Main a "*" b

Verify that the command line arguments of the running JVM with SYSINTERNALS PROCEXP:
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_05\jre\bin\java.exe" -cp target/classes foo.Main a * b


EXPECTED VERSUS ACTUAL BEHAVIOR :
Expected output:
args[0]= "a"
args[1]= "*"
args[2]= "b"
Done

Actual output:
args[0]= "a"
args[1]= ".classpath"
args[2]= ".project"
args[3]= ".settings"
args[4]= "pom.xml"
args[5]= "src"
args[6]= "target"
args[7]= "b"
Done
REPRODUCIBILITY :
This bug can be reproduced always.

---------- BEGIN SOURCE ----------
package foo;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
			System.out.println("args[" + i + "]= \"" + args[i] + "\"");
		}
		Thread.sleep(5000);
		System.out.println("Done");
	}
}
---------- END SOURCE ----------

CUSTOMER SUBMITTED WORKAROUND :
Unfortunately I could not find a workaround.